Updated: 15-05-2025
Blood Clots – Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment
Blood clots are dangerous to the health of the brain.
One of the principal causes of blood clots is an injury to the vessels in the brain.
A blood clot in the brain can lead to an ischaemic stroke.
The stroke is caused when the artery to the brain does not get adequate oxygen-rich blood and nutrients, as the blood clot blocks it.
When a particular portion of the brain is starved for blood, a person suffers from a brain stroke.
Many times presence of blood clot can also lead to the buildup of carbon dioxide and cellular waste as in the absence of adequate oxygen.
The brain loses its capacity to clear the waste properly.
Due to this, the cells surrounding the blockage die and the neurons present in the brain stop working altogether damaging the body throughout.
A blood clot can be life-threatening.
Hence, if you feel that you have a blood clot in the brain, immediate treatment becomes necessary.
Causes of Blood Clots
Several reasons can lead to blood clots. They include:
✅ Head Injuries/Trauma
When the brain, neck, or head is injured or traumatised, it can lead to the formation of blood clots.
The clots are formed when bleeding occurs in the brain and the skull.
Actually, the formation of a blood clot is a preventive measure by the body to stop the bleeding, which ultimately puts pressure on the area surrounding the brain tissue.
One of the causes of blood clots is trauma to the head that leads to blood clot formation outside the brain.
Such a blood clot breaks loose and positions itself in the brain, causing an ischaemic stroke.
✅ Travelling Blood clots
Many times the blood clots travel from other parts of the body and reach the blood vessels in the brain, causing blockage and leading to cerebral embolism or embolic stroke.
More often during their travel, these blood clots first cause damage to the other body parts before reaching the brain, and hence, chances of their detection earlier are possible.
✅ Hardening or Narrowing of arteries
This condition is also known as atherosclerosis and can increase the likelihood of a person developing a blood clot in the brain.
It is known as one of the most common causes of blood clots.
Hardened arteries can tear off when they are pumping blood, leading to the formation of a clot in the damaged area.
It prevents the blood from leaking but can block the supply of blood to the narrowed artery, leading to damage to the cells surrounding the affected area.
✅ Superficial Vein Inflammation
Superficial vein inflammation is one of the major causes of blood clots.
When the vein is damaged because of acute trauma injury, it gets inflamed and catches a bacterial infection.
The inflammation reduces the blood supply to the surrounding area.
Since the damaged area becomes vulnerable to leakage, a blood clot is formed, stopping the supply of blood to the surrounding areas.
Note:
Women using oral contraceptives are more vulnerable to blood clotting.
Also, women who are above the age of 35 years, have a family history of blood clots, or smoke and use contraceptives are at extremely high risk of developing clots in the blood.
Symptoms of Blood Clots
People experience different kinds of symptoms when they have a blood clot in their brain.
Some such common symptoms include:
✅ Headaches
If a headache is caused due to a blood clot, the patient will experience a headache on only one side where the clot has been formed.
A headache worsens when you move your head, sneeze, or do physical activity.
✅ Difficulties in speaking
If you have a blood clot in the brain, you may begin to have slurred speech while you speak.
A patient with a blood clot often finds it difficult to talk.
It is more so if the blood clot is located on the left side of the brain.
✅ Confusion
Patients with a blood clot in the brain take longer to make decisions and think, as their thinking capacity is affected.
They may also feel confused and require a longer time than normal to understand even simple things.
✅ Changes in Personality
The presence of a blood clot can change your personality, and you may suddenly start behaving like a maniac.
Sometimes, normally energetic people start feeling fatigued and tense.
✅ Dizziness
A blood clot is associated with frequent bouts and temporary blindness.
✅ Depression
Symptoms of depression and blood clots are sometimes almost similar.
Hence, many times a patient with depression is asked to check for blood clots to make sure that his brain is receiving oxygen in the right amount.
✅ Disturbance in Coordination
Patients with a blood clot in the brain find it difficult to carry on their regular activities with the normal coordination that they are used to.
It is because, due to the blood clot, the brain loses its ability to coordinate the simple abilities, such as the transfer of objects from one hand to the other.
✅ Seizures
One of the causes of seizures is blood clots.
If these seizures last more than a few minutes, it is an indication of a serious condition.
✅ Paralysis
In many cases, blood clots can cause paralysis, thereby paralysing the body.
It may easily affect the face, leg, and arm of a person.
✅ Ischemic Attack
Also known as a mini-stroke, it leads to dysfunction of one side and, if the conditions worsen, can also lead to a stroke.
Diagnosis and Treatment for Blood Clots
If the doctors suspect the presence of a blood clot in the brain, they may suggest a CT or MRI scan immediately.
As a mode of treatment, anticoagulants such as aspirin are prescribed to dissolve the clot.
The carer, at times, can also place the patient on a regimen of aspirin to prevent the formation of a new clot.
However, patients with hypertension need to be cautious while taking any form of medicine.
Surgical removal of clots can be advised in some cases when doctors are unsure of a medication’s effectiveness.
How To Prevent Blood Clots?
Key preventive measures for blood clots include not smoking, remaining physically active, and maintaining a normal weight.
Managing any conditions, such as heart disease, is also important to ensure that the causes of blood clots are minimised.
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